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The invention relates to methods of determining micromolar levels of lead ion in various fluids, including blood. Detection of lead or other heavy metal ion concentrations as low as 1 .mu.g/dL is achieved. The methods are adaptable to the detection of low levels of lead in whole blood, employing a novel separation and release of lead ion from lead chelating agents. The disclosed methods employ isocitrate dehydrogenase-based electrodes which are particularly suited for detecting nanomolar levels of lead.