The present invention relates to a watch combined picture frame of a transparent type that is capable of concurrently implementing a picture frame function and a watch function by providing a picture frame function to a conventional watch, so that it is possible to obtain a watch function as well as a display and decoration effect of a picture frame, and in particular to a watch combined picture frame of a transparent assembling type in which a user can directly input or change a picture in a picture frame. There are provided a frame (10, 50) in which a watch (30) is detachably assembled, and a picture (40) is attached in a front surface, and a transparent plate (20, 60) having numbers and attached to a front side of the frame (10, 50).

Apparatus for protecting cables and service lines in underground workings comprises an articulated chain wherein each link is formed from a plastics material and has a central web (10) with laterally open channels (16, 18) on respective sides thereof. The channel entrances (30, 32) are of reduced width by virtue of integral bulges (28), entry of a cable of service line into a respective channel (16, 18) deflecting the channel legs apart, the latter regaining their original position after the line passes through the entrance (30, 32). Each leg section is profiled to prevent a smooth, substantially planar inner surface (29) to enhance the line retention concept. An integral extending lug (50) has a through aperture (52) to enable the chain to be suspended from overhead.

Binary data is encrypted or decrypted using a final key. The final key is formed by manipulating one or more user keys and a base key, and combining the manipulated keys using an exclusive-OR operation. The data to be encrypted or decrypted are combined with the final key using a circular exclusive-OR operation. The user and base keys are binary sequences having any number of bits. The user key may be input to the present invention directly in binary form or in any other suitable form that the present invention can interpret as a binary sequence, such as a string of ASCII-encoded alphanumeric characters. Manipulating the user key includes the steps of shuffling or permuting segments of the user key, such as bytes, circularly shifting the permuted user key by a number of bit positions, and filling a location with one or more copies of the permuted and shifted key such that the result has a length equal to that of the base key. The ordering of the segments of the user key in the permutation step and the number of bit positions by which the user key is shifted in the shifting step are determined in response to the value and position of the segments of the user key itself. Manipulating the base key includes the step of circularly shifting the base key by a number of bit positions that is determined in response to the value and position of segments of the user key.

An improved process and apparatus for forming pipe from a flat steel plate by curving the plate around a rotatable mandrel (1) in which the ratio of plate length and width is relatively high comprising the process steps and apparatus of applying abutment members (6) against the sides of the mandrel and creating a horizontal component of force between the mandrel, plate and supporting rolls which horizontal component of force is opposed by said abutment member (6) acting to stabilize the mandrel at most times and at least during the final stages of forming the pipe.