The present invention describes a facial protection element for protection against risks of exposure to infectious biological agents, such as microorganisms, like a virus with an envelope, including SARS-CoV-2 and the multidrug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria. Specifically, the present invention relates to a facial protection element of the type comprising: face shields, glasses, masks, counter shields, etc., which prevent not only direct exposure to the infectious biological agent, but rather also inactivate same once the biological agent comes into contact with the facial protection element. The facial protection element comprises a plastic material or glass with a biocidal agent coating layer.

Nanotube compositions may be employed in many different forms alone, and/or with surfactants, with antiviral metals, with antigens, and/or with various drugs to control pathogens like viruses e.g., SARS COVID-2, bacteria, mold, fungi, chemical or biological agents etc in masks or other personal protection equipment. The personal protection equipment such as masks reduce, control, absorb, deactivate, detoxify, and/or kill the pathogens such that a pathogen or pathogens deleterious effects are reduced and/or eliminated to a user of the mask.

The invention provides fabrics that incorporate enzymes that inactivate microbial pathogens, particularly enveloped viral particles such as those of Influenza virus and Coronavirus such as Covid-19. The fabrics of the invention may be used in the production of various items including protective facemasks.

Provided are a diagnostic system and methods for detecting the presence or absence of one or more targets that represent virus infection, inflammatory diseases and/or respiratory disorders by optically and noninvasively observing changing in color of the diagnostic system upon binding of the antigen of interest. Exemplary diagnostic systems and methods include detection of SARS-CoV-2 virus S protein or receptor of advanced glycation end products (RAGE) for diagnosis of COVID-19 infection or inflammatory/respiratory diseases.