The present invention relates to a new combination comprising a therapeutically effective amount of an anti-IL1β antibody or an antigen-binding fragment thereof and at least one anti-diabetic agent. The anti-diabetic agent can be selected from the group consisting of insulin signaling pathway modulators, such as inhibitors of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPases), non-small molecule mimetic compounds and inhibitors of glutamine-fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), DPP-IV inhibitors, agents influencing a deregulated hepatic glucose production, like inhibitors of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6Pase), inhibitors of fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (F-1,6-BPase), inhibitors of glycogen phosphorylase (GP), glucagon receptor antagonists and inhibitors of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK), pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase (PDHK) inhibitors, insulin sensitivity enhancers, insulin secretion enhancers, α-glucosidase inhibitors, inhibitors of gastric emptying, insulin, and α2-adrenergic antagonists, for simultaneous, separate or sequential use of the anti-IL-1β antibody or a antigen-binding fragment thereof and the at least one anti-diabetic agent, especially in the prevention, delay of progression or treatment of metabolic conditions mediated by IL1β such as conditions of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), conditions of impaired fasting plasma glucose, metabolic acidosis, ketosis, arthritis, obesity and osteoporosis, in particular diabetes and specifically type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes mellitus. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical composition comprising the combination of the invention and methods of treatment using the combination for the prevention, delay of progression or treatment of metabolic conditions mediated by IL1β such as diabetes or improving the function of beta cell function.
