Specification covers new algorithms, methods, and systems for artificial intelligence, soft computing, and deep learning/recognition, e.g., image recognition (e.g., for action, gesture, emotion, expression, biometrics, fingerprint, facial, OCR (text), background, relationship, position, pattern, and object), large number of images (“Big Data”) analytics, machine learning, training schemes, crowd-sourcing (using experts or humans), feature space, clustering, classification, similarity measures, optimization, search engine, ranking, question-answering system, soft (fuzzy or unsharp) boundaries/impreciseness/ambiguities/fuzziness in language, Natural Language Processing (NLP), Computing-with-Words (CWW), parsing, machine translation, sound and speech recognition, video search and analysis (e.g. tracking), image annotation, geometrical abstraction, image correction, semantic web, context analysis, data reliability (e.g., using Z-number (e.g., “About 45 minutes; Very sure”)), rules engine, control system, autonomous vehicle, self-diagnosis and self-repair robots, system diagnosis, medical diagnosis, biomedicine, data mining, event prediction, financial forecasting, economics, risk assessment, e-mail management, database management, indexing and join operation, memory management, and data compression.

An instance weighted learning (IWL) machine learning model. In one example embodiment, a method of employing an IWL machine learning model to train a classifier may include determining a quality value that should be associated with each machine learning training instance in a temporal sequence of reinforcement learning machine learning training instances, associating the corresponding determined quality value with each of the machine learning training instances, and training a classifier using each of the machine learning training instances. Each of the machine learning training instances includes a state-action pair and is weighted during the training based on its associated quality value using a weighting factor that weights different quality values differently such that the classifier learns more from a machine learning training instance with a higher quality value than from a machine learning training instance with a lower quality value.

A device receives document information associated with a document, and receives a request to identify insights in the document information. The device performs, based on the request, natural language processing on the document information to identify words, phrases, and sentences in the document information, and utilizes a first machine learning model with the words, the phrases, and the sentences to identify information indicating abstract insights, concrete insights, and non-insights in the document. The device utilizes a second machine learning model to match the abstract insights with particular concrete insights that are different than the concrete insights, and utilizes a third machine learning model to determine particular insights based on the non-insights. The device generates an insight document that includes the concrete insights, the abstract insights matched with the particular concrete insights, and the particular insights determined based on the non-insights.