The present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating dry eye syndrome comprising a maple leaf extract and, specifically, to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating dry eye syndrome comprising a maple leaf extract as an active ingredient, a method for preventing or treating dry eye syndrome using the pharmaceutical composition, and a food composition and a cosmetic composition for preventing or ameliorating dry eye syndrome comprising a maple leaf extract as an active ingredient. The maple leaf extract of the present invention has an effect of being capable of preventing, ameliorating, and treating dry eye syndrome to a degree similar or superior to an existing drug known as a therapeutic agent of dry eye syndrome. In addition, the composition of the present invention is derived from a natural substance, and thus can be used safely without any side effects for the prevention, treatment and amelioration of dry eye syndrome.