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Anti-sense peptides that correspond to Amyloid-β protein residues 1-43 are identified, and are used to identify protein binding sites on enzymes that interact with Amyloid-β. The anti-sense peptides can be used as, or to identify, therapeutic agents that prevent Amyloid-β cytotoxicity, and may be useful in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. The anti-sense peptides show sequence similarity to the protein kinase cdc2, and it has now been found that the cytotoxic form of Aβ is phosphorylated.