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The object of the present invention is to provide a cold cathode X-ray tube capable of being driven stably over a long period of time by preventing temporal reduction in anode current. A cold cathode X-ray tube 1 comprises an electron emission part 10 including an electron emission element using a cold cathode, an anode part 11 disposed opposite to the electron emission part 10, a target 12 disposed on a part of a surface of the anode part 11, a housing 15 in which the electron emission part 10, the anode part 11, and the target 12 are disposed, and a hydrogen generation part 14 that is made of a material that generates hydrogen when receiving collision of electrons and disposed on a portion other than the surface of the target 12 out of surfaces existing in the housing 15.