(EN) Methods of refining palm oil in order to produce a refined, bleached and deodorized palm oil with reduced level of 3-monochloro propane-1, 2-diol (3-MCPD) ester are disclosed. The methods include premixing a palm oil with an acid to chelate metals and form a reaction mixture, and subjecting the reaction mixture to hydrodynamic cavitation mixing for less than 1 second.