The invention relates to methods for producing food products and semi-finished products from minced meat, poultry, seafood, fish, or ground, protein-containing plant biomass, as well as from mixtures of such plant biomass and meat or fish biomass. The technical result of the invention is an increase in the moisture binding capacity of a biomass without an increase in the energy spent on preparing water or a water-based solution, making it possible to maintain in the biomass, irrespective of the pH thereof, the maximum possible amount of water entering into a biopolymer hydration reaction, in other words, without increasing the water content of the biomass measured using a standard method and being incapable of detaching therefrom during heat treatment, and an improvement in the commercial qualities of the semi-finished product or the food product produced from the biomass. This result is achieved in that in the method for hydrating a ground, protein-containing biomass, water or water with any amount of cooking salt or other edible electrolytes dissolved therein, including electrolytes mixed in any composition and in any proportions, is treated by ultrasonic cavitation in a sonochemical reactor, expending a given amount of acoustic energy, and is then mixed with the ground biomass in a ratio not greater than 0.0175·1.45рH·p·1g(d) kg of water to 100 kg of biomass, where p is the percentage protein content of the biomass and d is the average dispersion of the ground pieces of the biomass in m-1, thus producing a semi-finished product or a food product with improved commercial qualities.

The claimed invention relates to medical devices, in particular to the devices that can be used in the manufacture of implants for endoprosthesis replacement of soft or vascular tissues, replacement of the corresponding tissue in cardiology, vascular surgery, traumatology and orthopedics, dentistry. The porous three-dimensional structure of polytetrafluoroethylene was created featuring an enhanced ability of soft tissue ingrowth, or, in the second embodiment, combining the properties of an enhanced ability of soft tissue ingrowth with a barrier for the deposition of the living tissue cells. In the first embodiment of the claimed porous three-dimensional structure of polytetrafluoroethylene it contains the open through pores and the blind pores, uniformly distributed over the inner surfaces of the open pores and connected therewith, and is made of mixture of the free-flow polytetrafluoroethylene having the granules sized from 100 to 300 microns, and the constraint- flow polytetrafluoroethylene having the granules sized up to 20 microns. In the second embodiment of the claimed porous three-dimensional structure at least one surface of the three-dimensional body is provided with a barrier layer. In addition, the dental implant, the vascular implant and the tissue implant for soft tissue substitution plasty using the claimed porous structure are claimed.

The invention relates to shock absorbers which can be mounted on carriages and locomotives in order to reduce longitudinal forces acting within a train upon collision of the carriages. The shock absorber comprises a polyhedral body (1) with lateral walls of differing thickness and containing a clamping wedge (4) supported on friction wedges (5), in which or opposite which anti-friction bushings (7) are mounted in the body (1) and form a solid lubricant for the body walls. There is less solid lubricant on the side where the lateral body walls are of greater thickness than on the side where the lateral body walls are of lesser thickness. Such a disparity in the amount of solid lubricant is provided by using anti-friction bushings (7) made of materials having different tribo-mechanical characteristics. The service life of the shock absorber is extended.

The invention relates to the field of propulsion systems, in particular to engines that convert a rotating gas stream into propulsive force, and can be used in many sectors of the national economy. The engine comprises a "plate"-like housing with an upper and a lower cylindrical part and a truncated conical part situated between said cylindrical parts, a nozzle situated on a tangent to the inside generatrix of the upper cylindrical part of the housing, said nozzle being, for example, a Laval nozzle with a combustion chamber, and an inner conical part with an inner cylindrical part, wherein the inner conical part is equipped with mechanisms for altering the position of the inner conical part relative to the upper conical part, a sealing system and pressure sensors arranged on the inner conical part in order to measure the pressure.

The group of inventions relates to the field of mechanical engineering. In a first embodiment, the method for generating propulsion is characterized in that a rotating stream of working fluid is directed along an inner conical surface by rotating blades. The negative pressure generated by the rotating blades is compensated for by the dynamic braking of the inner stream on additional components. The propulsive device comprises a drive shaft with working blades mounted in a housing which is in the form of a hollow truncated cone, the smaller base of which has an inlet port for the introduction and/or intake of a working fluid and the larger base of which has an outlet port. An additional disc is situated downstream of the working blades. In a second embodiment, the method is characterized by the generation of negative pressure on an outer conical surface as a result of the rotation of the conical surface. The propulsive device comprises a drive shaft with working blades mounted in a housing which is in the form of a hollow truncated cone with a stationary cone disposed therein. In a third embodiment, the propulsive device comprises a drive shaft with working blades mounted in a housing which is mounted on the drive shaft and is provided with working blades situated on the inside of the housing. The group of inventions is directed towards increasing efficiency.

The invention relates to the field of medicine and is intended for use as a preventive means in otorhinolaryngology. The technical result is an increase in the preventive effect in eliminating snoring and an increase in comfort when using the device. The device 1 comprises a mouthpiece 3, a cup-shaped clamp 2 with a through cavity 9, an elastic gumshield 4, and a support guard 5 with an evacuated cavity 6, in which the tongue is placed, and with a delimiting bead 7 on the external cylindrical surface 8. The mouthpiece 3 is formed from medicinal silicone, and the support guard 5 is formed from thermoplastic polyurethane or medicinal silicone. Those surfaces of the gumshield 4 and support guard 5 which are in contact with the mouth cavity and tongue have a smoothness characterized by unevennesses of a maximum of 0.05 μm.

The invention relates to the field of power engineering. Throughout the entire operating cycle, 65-90% of a volatile, low-boiling working medium is in a liquid state; when said working medium condenses, the latent heat of condensation is transferred to a working medium heated by the ambient temperature and found in a liquid state of aggregation in heat exchange pipes. Furthermore, useful work can be generated in two stages by means of a reactive turbine and devices that produce work as a result of a temperature differential, such as thermoelectric elements or the cooler of an external combustion engine such as the Stirling engine. The use of an S-shaped rotor makes it possible to reduce the braking effect of the Coriolis force. De Laval nozzles provide for a more efficient use of the liquid working medium because of the extra pressure created upstream of the nozzles, which expand at the exit, and make it possible to obtain a part of the working medium in a gaseous state, which performs work. The invention makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the method and the coefficient of performance (COP) of the device for converting heat energy into useful work.

An apparatus for X-ray scanning of vehicles includes a pulsed X-ray source (2) generating X-rays. A collimator forms (3) a fan -shaped beam from the X-rays. A detector (5) detects the fan- shaped beam after it passes through a vehicle (6). A speed sensor (9) measures a speed of the vehicle passing through the apparatus and providing an electrical output corresponding to the speed. An image formation module converts an output of the detector into an image of the vehicle, based on the measured speed of the vehicle. The width of the fan- shaped beam is substantially similar to the width of the detector. The X-rays comprise primarily photons with energy between 2.5 and 9 MeV. A filter (19) is adjacent to the collimator for filtering out low energy X-ray photons. A vehicle presence sensor (10) can be used, whose output is used to turn the X-ray source on and off. An alignment platform (13,17) can be used for aligning the fan -shaped beam with the detector. A frequency of the pulses is adjusted based on the speed of the vehicle. The X-ray source is turned off if the speed of the vehicle is below a predetermined threshold.

The claimed system relates to mining concentration equipment and can be used in branches of the national economy including construction, mining, the chemical industry, etc. for the dry concentration of metallic and nonmetallic materials and technological waste comprising components having particles of differing shape or density, for example vermiculite, mica, metal ores, metallurgical slag, etc. The system for the dry concentration of metallic and nonmetallic materials and for the processing of technological waste comprises the following, which are interconnected: a preliminary material preparation section or a material storage site, or a technological process section, at least one sifter and at least two separating apparatuses which are connected separately from each other to different outputs of the products of the sifting operation. The separating apparatuses are in the form of pneumatic classifiers. The technical result is an increase in the quality of separating a wide class of materials.

The invention relates to drilling of the ground, and in particular to percussion drilling using air, steam or gas pressure, and may be utilized for trenchless laying of casings of various materials by the percussion method. It may also be utilized for the driving of piles, etc. A method for trenchless laying of services in the ground, according to which an anvil is displaced in the solid ground by the application of an impact loading to it from an impact system, and a borehole is formed with the aid of the anvil by impact densification of the ground. In this process, the anvil is an unsecured part of the impact system which can enter freely into the ground on impact.