New system excitation of classical synchronous generators includes a rotor and a stator. Rotor (secondary) consists of a shaft (18) with bearings 19 and (20), cylindrical iron core (10,11 and 12) and winding (13). Stator (primary) consists of one or two iron cores ( 17) and (27) with windings ( 16 and 26), distributed around the rotor. Rotor is connected to generator shaft or lies on it (together with its winding). This device looks like a transformer in which the middle column with secondary winding is cut out and stuck on a shaft, together with which it rotates between columns with primary windings. Primary windings are powered from a thyristor excitation regulator. In the rotating secondary winding an AC current is induced, because the magnetic field doesn't change its characteristics when rotating. Endings of the secondary winding (13) are connected to a rectifying part of the classic generator, which powers its excitation coils.

External electromotive drive unit for motor vehicles (1), is drive unit which attaches with a driven vehicle (2) and serves as a source of driving force for moving a composition which consists of these two types of vehicles. It relates to a scientific area ( means of traffic transport). Driver from inside of driven vehicle (2) controls the work of driving vehicle (1) via command device (10). Starting electrical engine, which moves, by transmission mechanism, driving wheels (9) of the external electromotive drive unit for towing a motor vehicle (1) and in that way moves the composition which consists of driven vehicle (2) which is attached by removable mechanical joint (4) with the external electromotive drive unit for motor vehicle (1). By adding the module of electromotive drive unit for motor vehicles on classical models of automobiles which are driven by internal combustion motors, a cost-effective and easy conversion in a type of electrical automobile is achieved.

When DC current is brought to coils of an electromagnet (13), which are mounted on a spool (14), pulled over a movable iron core (10), around the spool an electromagnetic field is created, which turns the iron core to an electromagnet with protruding poles. If this iron core rotates around its axis, the protruding magnetic poles create a rotating magnetic field, which doesn't lose its magnetic characteristics although the electromagnet coils which create it are immovable. If close to trajectories of the protruding rotating poles we position iron cores made of transformer laminations with copper wire coils (16), an alternating current is induced in the coils (16) because of change of magnetic flux flowing through the core (15). Application spectrum of such electromagnets is very broad i.e. to create synchronous machines without slip rings and brushes, or to simplify all electric devices with electromagnets mounted on movable or rotating parts.

Synchronous generator, according to this invention, can be seen as transformer (fig. 1) whose middle column (10) with the primary excitation coil (13) are cut out and stuck on a shaft and can be longitudinally rotated between other one or more columns (15) with secondary coils (16). If the middle column coil (13) is powered by DC current (excitation) and the shaft is rotated, AC current will be induced in coils of all surrounding columns, with phase shifts depending on their respective positions related to the core of the rotating column. If a part of the middle column (core 10), bearing the coils, is made in cylindrical form and the coil is put on a spool (14) slightly wider than the core, so that the core can be rotated without contact to the spool, by attaching the spool to the machine case we get a synchronous generator with two pairs of protruding poles without slip rings and brushes.

The engine with the circular (rotation) movement of the piston 2, where the piston 2 is shaped as a cross, has four branches where is located combustion chamber of mixture in the piston 9. Piston is directly connected to the shaft (crankshaft) 3 and there is no additional transmission (reduction) between the piston 2 and the shaft (crankshaft) 3. When there is an accordance of areas 9 and 10 which then make a rectangle rotated so that the piston moves downward when the combustion of mixture occurs and it is due to the cross-shaped piston 2 repeated four times in one rotation of the shaft (crankshaft) of 360 degrees.

The most practical production of this innovation is shown in pictures 11 and 12. The connective element (1) is pushed into the housing (54) executed in the temple (5), and then in the housing (111) at the open end of the connective element (1) we mount the spring (2) that is not tensioned, and then the screw (15) that goes through the spring (2). Both the screw (15) and the spring (2) are sized in such a way that they can move axially in the housing (111) of the connective element (1). The screw (15) goes through the narrowed part (12) of the housing (111), and at the same time the spring cannot go through the narrowed part (12). The screw (15) is screwed into the temple (5) with screwdriver passing through the housing (111) and it compresses the spring (2) by its head until it reaches closing delimiter. The connective element (1) mounted into the temple (5) in mis way, is then placed in the housing (4) of the frontal ending (6). The screw (61) is pushed through the hole (62), which goes through the hole (11) of the connective element (1).

The essence of the invention is to execute a connective element which by one end is connected with tension spring and to the frontal part by the other end. The other end of the spring is connected to the temple. Housing is executed in the temple which enables longitudinal moving of the connective element, and disables unwanted rotation of the temple in relation to the connective element. Bearing in mind that it is necessary to have vertical moving of the temple also for safety reasons, a housing in the shape of a letter "V" is executed in the frontal part, and in the connective element a canal is executed, in which the screw that connects connective element and frontal part will have capability of unhindered moving during vertical course. The temple, in every position, has capability of elastic moving in all positions and all of this together makes an elastic hinge with circular moving. This characteristic is fundamental for protection of end user in incidental situations such as sport incidents, traffic accidents, especially during accidents with air-bag explosion.

Adaptable rotor with an electrical generator for wind turbines. The rotors of the first three variants have wings that rotate around its longitudinal axis and occupy the most advantageous position in relation to wind speed, and optimal use of wind at different speeds. In the fourth and fifth variants the wings are small cores, which are rotated in the horizontal plane, but they are on one side of the propeller in the horizontal and the other in the vertical plane. The fifth option can be used to power catamarans and similar boats, as well as to drive the boat.

Global Ispat Koksna Industrija"d.o.o. (GIKIL) developed Coal blend models linking interdependent input blend coal properties to output coal quality. The invention arose at the necessity of achieving a very high quality in coke quality parameters (about 5nos) with a proper blend mix of different coals. The models have been developed based on the operating data for the last 6 years for the different Coal Blend quality parameters and Coke quality. The models consist of different correlation equations for each output quality of coke with different blend quality parameters. Thus by knowing the input qualities of coals used in coke manufacture, the expected coke quality can be determined. Once the coke quality is predetermined, it allows planning the blend mix of different coals for the required blend quality and accordingly purchasing coals and manufacturing coke as per required quality.

Universal vertical turbine moved by wind, water flow (in rivers), sea currents and waves which consists of a base (support) 1. where the main shaft is located 2. which is placed vertically. On the main shaft are lined up hollow shafts 3. In the segments, are embedded one-way pinions 4. hollow shafts are attached to the main wings 5. in which there are small fins-wings 6. which turn semi-circular on their axes.7. for 180 0 and come in contact with bumpers (ropes) 8. as a barrier, support, and with that push the main turbine shaft. Thus set vertical shaft is connected to the control box which 9. which starts the generator 10. The turbine placed in this position, is tightened with the ropes 11.wich make it stable with the ring or clamp holding it together 12. and it is connected with ropes to the towers 13 which are annex tied with hooks 14. and hooks are tied to anchors 15. which are placed in the ground.