The present invention concerns an anti-deposit additive and a deposit and/or corrosion reducing aqueous slurry containing a calcium carbonate containing material. In particular, the present invention is directed to the use of at least one anionically charged comb polymer as an anti-deposit agent in an aqueous slurry comprising a calcium carbonate containing material.

An apparatus for treating water, comprising an electrochemical cell 108; and at least one ion exchange container 104, 126, 130, in fluid communication with said electrochemical cell.

The method for CO2 capture includes operating a CO2 capture system with a large temperature swing in between the absorption stage and the desorption stage; utilizing a hybrid solvent comprising water, carbonic anhydrase and an absorption compound in the absorption stage; membrane filtering the carbonic anhydrase out of the hybrid solvent in between the absorption stage and the desorption stage and prior to the large temperature swing; and recycling the filtered carbonic anhydrase back into the absorption stage to maintain high enzyme concentration in the absorption stage.

The present invention relates to regulation of the p H of a liquefaction process. Presented is a method for treatment of a biomass feedstock wherein the biomass feedstock is subjected to liquefaction, at a p H of at most 4, by treatment with hot compressed liquid water (HCW) at subcritical and/or supercritical conditions to improve the conversion efficiency. The present invention is also directed to quenching of a liquefaction process according to above, preventing, minimizing or eliminating clogging and/or fouling of sticky biomass components in process equipment during processing as according to above, and to the use of additives in a biomass liquefaction process.

A method for producing liquid biofuel from biomass. The method comprises gasifying the biomass (100) in an elevated temperature to produce synthesis gas (200) and post processing at least part of the synthesis gas (200) to the liquid biofuel. The post processing comprises cooling the synthesis gas (200) before filtering, and filtering the synthesis gas to produce filtered synthesis gas. Synthesis gas is cooled by recycling recycled gases (205) and/or by quenching. In addition, use of a cooling device (218) in the described method. The cooling device (218) comprises at least one of a quencher (210), and a gas mixer. Furthermore, a system for producing liquid biofuel from biomass (100). The system comprises a gasification reactor (150) for gasifying biomass (100) at an elevated temperature to produce synthesis gas (200), a cooling device (218) arranged to cool the synthesis gas (200), and a filtration unit (220) arranged to filter the cooled synthesis gas to produce filtered synthesis gas.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a carbon dioxide absorbent and to the absorbent manufactured by the method. The method comprises: (A) a step of preparing a slurry composition including a carrier composition containing a support, an inorganic binder, and a solvent; (B) a step of preparing solid particles by spray drying the thus-prepared slurry composition; (C) a step of manufacturing a carrier by dry calcining the thus-prepared solid particles; and (D) a step of receiving an amine compound into the pores of the thus-manufactured carrier. According to the absorbent of the present invention, an absorbing reaction and a regenerating reaction at a low temperature range (less than or equal to 100°C may be conducted, and therefore, the cost for capturing CO2 in a dry capturing process may be expected to decrease.

Graft dendrite copolymers derived from at least one ethylenically unsaturated first monomer, at least one second ethylenically unsaturated second monomer and a natural hydroxyl containing component as an end group. The at least one first and second ethylenically unsaturated monomers are on separate side chains of the natural hydroxyl containing component. Methods of preparing a graft dendrite copolymer are also included.

Hybrid dendrite copolymer compositions include a hybrid dendrite copolymer including at least one ethylenically unsaturated first monomer, at least one second ethylenically unsaturated second monomer and a naturally derived hydroxyl containing chain transfer agent as an end group. The at least one first and second ethylenically unsaturated monomers are on separate side chains of the naturally derived hydroxyl containing chain transfer agent. Methods of preparing a hybrid dendrite copolymer are also included.

A continuous flow wood processing technology for extracting lignin from woody plant material and converting the delignified cellulosic residue to crude bio-oils is provided. Wood is chipped before processing starts and fed into a lignin extractor. The lignin extractor uses ethanol at high temperatures to dissolve the lignin with counter current material contactors and heat exchangers and a computer control system to control the operation. Most of the preservative chemicals are likely to precipitate out at this stage as a heavy sludge which can be removed from the process. The ethanol containing dissolved lignin is removed from the lignin extractor, the dissolved lignin recovered, the ethanol being recycled into the lignin extractor and the residual heat returned to the process. The delignified cellulosic pulp is removed from the lignin extractor and subjected to a milling operation to convert the pulp into a smooth sludge for entry to a bio-convertor by a super critical water process. The residue is prepared as a high phosphate Fertilizer. Also described is a process for the removal of toxic preservative chemicals from waste timber and conversion to useful or nontoxic forms.

Provided is a carbon dioxide recovery method and recovery device able to reduce operating cost by reducing energy necessary for regeneration of an absorbing solution. The carbon dioxide recovery device has an absorption tower for absorbing carbon dioxide included in a gas into the absorbing solution, a regeneration tower for regeneration by heating the absorbing solution and discharging the carbon dioxide, and a circulation system for circulating the absorbing solution. The absorbing tower has a first absorbing unit and a second absorbing unit, and gas is supplied to the second absorbing unit through the first absorbing unit. The regeneration tower has a first regeneration unit and a second regeneration unit, the first regeneration unit has an external heating means, and the second regeneration unit is heated by the heat of the gas discharged from the first regeneration unit. The circulation system has a first circulation path for circulating absorbing solution between the first absorption unit and the second regeneration unit and a second circulation path for circulating absorbing solution between the second absorption unit and the first regeneration unit, and circulates the absorbing solutions separately.