Embodiments of the present invention provide a sensing system for detecting a substance in a dialysate, the system inclucing: a hydrophobic barrier capable of allowing the substance in the dialysate to equilibrate to a gas; a detector capable of detecting the gas; an interface disposed between the hydrophobic barrier and the detector and configured to allow fluid communication of the gas; and one or more delivery mechanisms capable of transporting the gas from the hydrophobic barrier to the detector. A method of detecting ammonium gas in a dialysate is also provided.

The present invention relates to a nutrient delivery device and a method using the nutrient delivery device for delivery of a nutrient, and in particular, for intranasal and/or transdermal delivery of a nutrient to an individual. The nutrient delivery device comprises an atomizer and a housing. The housing is for receiving the atomizer and for holding a liquid containing a nutrient. When in use, the liquid is placed in the housing and the atomizer moves within the housing while remaining in contact with the liquid as the liquid level falls due to the liquid being atomized by the atomizer to produce atomized liquid for delivery of the nutrient to the surroundings over a period of time.

A method and apparatus for determining location information of a position in a multi-storey building, the method comprising: retrieving observation data comprising observed addresses and corresponding observed received signal strengths of wireless access points detected at the position from a memory; retrieving, for each storey of the building, a radio map comprising a plurality of location points in the respective storey of the building from a database; selecting one or more location points comprising the observed addresses from the radio map; determining a storey estimate of the position by calculating a sum probability for each storey of the building; and setting the storey estimate as the storey of the building having highest value of the calculated sum probability.

A compression device which may include: a subset determination circuit configured to determine a subset of a transmission indication map, the transmission indication map including a plurality of bits, each bit indicating whether data to be transmitted to a respective pre-determined radio communication terminal is present in an access point; a pre-determined bit value determination circuit configured to determine whether the subset includes a bit of a pre-determined bit value; and a compressed string generation circuit configured to insert, if the subset includes a bit of the pre-determined bit value, into a compressed string an indicator indicating that the subset includes a bit of the pre-determined bit value and the subset and further configured to include, if the subset does not includes a bit of the pre-determined bit value, into the compressed string an indicator indicating that the subset does not include a bit of the pre-determined bit value.

The present invention is directed to a communication terminal in a wireless communication network. The communication terminal includes a receiver configured to receive a first message comprising a media access control (MAC) frame at a first transmission rate from a communication device in the wireless communication network; a message generator configured to generate a second message in response to the received first message, the second message comprising a control response frame; and a transmitter configured to transmit the control response frame at a second transmission rate, wherein the second transmission rate is lower than or equal to the first transmission rate; and wherein the second transmission rate is dependent on a difference in qualities between downlink communication and uplink communication between the communication device and the communication terminal. Methods of modulating a message for transmission in the wireless communication network are also disclosed.

Methods and apparatus are provided for calibrating a motion tracking system (100) including a plurality of orientation sensors (102a-103h) attached to a plurality of body segments (104a-105h) of a user (9101 ). The methods and apparatus receive a first set of orientation signals from a first set of the orientation sensors (102a-102g). The first set of orientation signals associated with a first pair of the body segments (102a, 102f) matching a first set of predetermined positions. The skeleton dimension of the user and the mapping between the body segments and the corresponding attached sensors (102a-103h) are calibrated based on the first set of orientation signals. A first template including the first set of predetermined positions may be used, and the first pair of the body segments (104a, 104f) include the feet of the user. Receiving the first set of orientation signals includes receiving an orientation signal from each of the first set of sensors 102a-102g as the feet of the user (101) are placed on each of the first set of predetermined positions of the template.

The present invention is directed to a communication device of a wireless communication network, the communication device including a message generator configured to generate a beacon message having a traffic indication map (TIM) information element (IE), wherein the TIM IE includes a partial virtual bitmap field including at least one cluster; a determiner configured to determine for at least one cluster information indicating whether data is available in the communication device to be transmitted to a plurality of communication terminals of the wireless communication network; an encoder configured to determine an encoding mode for the information depending on the information and to encode the information based on the encoding mode; and a transmitter configured to broadcast the beacon message to the plurality of communication terminals corresponding to the at least one cluster. Methods of simultaneously addressing a plurality of communication terminals in the wireless communication network are also disclosed.

The present invention relates to an end cap for a lighting device. The end cap includes a housing. The housing has a first portion and a second portion. The first portion is adapted to be capable of being coupled to an end of a lighting device. The first portion is also in electrical connection with said lighting device. The second portion of the housing is adapted to be capable of being coupled to an electrical socket of a lighting fixture. When coupled to the electrical socket, the second portion is in electrical connection with a power supply. The end cap also includes at least two independent electrical leads in each portion of the housing. In one embodiment, a pair of electrical leads may extend from the second portion of the housing to contact at least two corresponding electrical leads that extend from the first portion of the housing. In so doing, the power supply and the lighting device will be placed in an electrical connection. The end cap also includes at least one elastic member. The elastic member is coupled to the first and second portions of the housing along a common central axis of rotation of the first and second portions. The coupling of the first and second portions of the housing to each other is such that the second portion is elastically coupled to and biased against the first portion. The elastically biased coupling of the second portion of the housing to the first portion of the housing is such that the second portion is capable^f a restricted linear movement in a direction that is against the elastic bias. Further, the elastic bias coupling is also such that the second portion of the housing is capable of a rotational movement about the central axis relative to the first portion.

A surgically invasive pointed article for skin penetration and its fabrication method are presented. The present invention comprises a protruding sharp end portion and a body portion, the protruding sharp end portion comprising at least one penetration tip that can be disabled after use. The tip disablement after use is an effective safety measure in eradicating accidental injuries and re-use. The tip disablement can be carried out manually by the user or automatically if the article is used with a custom-made tip-disabling applicator. The skin penetration device can be used as a lancet for blood sampling, a needle for immunization and skin allergy testing, or a skin breaching device for transdermal drug delivery. The second aspect of the invention is a method for preparing the surgically invasive pointed article for skin penetration. The preparation method includes injection mould the articles into at least two body segments, the first body segment comprising at least one protruding end for skin penetration, and the second body segment being hollow forming a handle for handling purpose or an adaptor for fitting into an applicator. The third aspect of the invention is an over-moulding process for packaging purposes, wherein the articles moulded with a first material mentioned above are over-moulded with a second softer and cheaper material to form various additional functional parts.

A light-emitting device comprising: a hole injection layer, an electron injection layer, and a composite emitter layer including a soft material exciton donor and exciton acceptor nanoparticles substantially dispersed within the exciton donor matrix, wherein electrons from the electron injection layer and holes from the hole injection layer generate excitons in the exciton donor matrix, and the primary mechanism of photon generation at the nanoparticles is substantially through non-radiative energy transfer of the generated excitons directly into the nanoparticles.